Timing is a 4D event not just 3D. Think of not only physical placement of the components but how those components are moving in time. So the comparison of equal distances from the piston crown to the spark plug electrode aren't taking into account the timing of the event, only the distance of the event away from one another.
But in your example, retarding the timing 4 deg (or however much you would to get the imaginary 18cm distance) would actually put the timing event closer to TDC and later on in the stroke putting the explosion catching the piston.
Shaving the head to get the 18 cm means that the piston is the same distance away from the electrode but at a different time during the stroke.
Yea, I know that, but the end result is still the same.....
The plug fires with the piston being 18mm away in both cases. The only difference is that in first case you are moving the head/plug down by milling it, but in the other case you are moving the piston up by retarding the timing.
:-/