they are called boysen ports named after the man who sold the concept to honda racing in the 70's ,basicly they direct the incoming charge into the small openings directly into the lower transfer jackets sooner instead of drawing it via your intake windows of the piston. this increases lowend -midrange torque and widens the usable powerband some.. most all modern 2 stroke cylinders reed intake style cylinders use this design ,banshees and blasters dont have these in the stock jug becuase they are based off of archaic engineered bikes of the early 70's before this was fully understood ,so thats why its a popular additon when porting the yamaha cylinders