here's how this works......
Gear ratios are calculated by taking the number of teeth on the rear sprocket and dividing by the number of teeth on the front sprocket.
The lower this number is numerically, the less initial take off you will have, but you will gain top speed. This is referred to as a "high" gear ratio.
When this number his higher, it is reffered to as a lower ratio.
Essentially, the closer you get to 0, the more top speed you will have, at the expense of acceleration
changing rear tire diameter also technically affects your gear ratio, taller tires are more speed, smaller tires are more acceleration, just like when you change the size of the sprocket.
now lets apply this.....
stock you have a 13t front, and a 40t rear. to figure out gear ratio
rear tooth/front tooth=gear ratio
40/13=3.08
change the front sprocket to a 14t and we have this:
40/14=2.86
this is a pretty substantial change in the scope of things by just changing 1 tooth
now lets play with the rear sprocket.....
stock front with 13t, and a rear sprocket with 39t.
39/13= 3
this is a very very small change.
It comes out that for every tooth you add or subtract from the front sprocket, you subtract or add 3 teeth to the rear.
40/14=3.86
37/13=3.85
basically if you are looking for a large change in your gearing then change the front, as far as i know the smallest rear sprocket you can get for a blaster is a 38t. so large changes can only be done with the front, use the rear to fine tune. for most people a 14/40 seems to be the sweet spot.
to expound upon this............
a tire with an 18" diameter will push the quad about 56.5 inches per revolution.
a quad with a 20" diameter tire will travel 62.8 inches per revolution.
i'm too lazy to do the actual math to figure out how much mph difference that would be, at least in theory. just remember, the closer the gearing gets to 0, the harder it is to turn it.