Premium burns more efficiantly an cleaner, by burning more efficiantly all the fuel is properly burned...... If you want to pick up fuel mileage, a high flow ' performance' air filter. Will gain mileage due to the engine not hav ing to work as hard to draw in air, a free flowing ' performance' exhaust will do the same thing since its pushing the exhaust gases faster which aids in the engine working easyer, you won't gain huge gains, but gains none the less, iv picked up 2-3 mpg on several cars, which. Adds up in the long run..... My mazda... 96 200k miles 2.5 24 valve v6 5 speed, k&n drop in filter, an free flowin exhaust... 30mpg highway!